Email this article 
Hide
Show all
For full functionality, including active links, we recommend downloading the PDF. Certain interactive features may not operate within the embedded viewer.
Download this PDF file
Download this PDF file
African Online Scientific Information Systems (Pty) Ltd t/a AOSIS
Reg No: 2002/002017/07
International Tel: +27 21 975 2602
5 Hafele Street, Durbanville, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
publishing(AT)aosis.co.za replace (AT) with @
All articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Website design & content: ©2025 AOSIS (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. No unauthorised duplication allowed.
By continuing to use this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and Security Policy.
Reg No: 2002/002017/07
International Tel: +27 21 975 2602
5 Hafele Street, Durbanville, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
publishing(AT)aosis.co.za replace (AT) with @
All articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Website design & content: ©2025 AOSIS (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. No unauthorised duplication allowed.
By continuing to use this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and Security Policy.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Get specific, domain-collection newsletters detailing the latest CPD courses, scholarly research and call-for-papers in your field.
SubscribeAfrican Vision and Eye Health | ISSN: 2413-3183 (PRINT) | ISSN: 2410-1516 (ONLINE)