Original Research
Chromatic properties of astigmatic eyes
African Vision and Eye Health | Vol 77, No 1 | a435 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v77i1.435
| © 2018 Tanya Evans, William F. Harris
| This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 31 October 2017 | Published: 31 July 2018
Submitted: 31 October 2017 | Published: 31 July 2018
About the author(s)
Tanya Evans, Department of Optometry, University of Johannesburg, South AfricaWilliam F. Harris, Department of Optometry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract
Background: Chromatic differences in power, refractive compensation, position and magnification have been described in the literature for Gaussian eyes.
Aim: This article explores these definitions and defines chromatic properties for eyes that have astigmatic and decentred or tilted elements.
Setting: Linear optics.
Methods: The optical model is linear optics and makes use of the ray transference T.
Results: Results are presented as either 2 × 2 matrices or 2 × 1 vectors. The dependence of the chromatic properties on the position of an object and the limiting aperture is explored and results are presented as independent of, or dependent on, object and aperture position. Apertures undergo both longitudinal and transverse shifts in position. The results are general and apertures may include pupils or pinholes, either surgically inserted inside the eye or held in front of the eye. Numerical examples are provided for Le Grand’s four-surface eye and an arbitrary astigmatic heterocentric four-surface eye.
Conclusion: Aperture-independent chromatic properties include chromatic difference in power and refractive compensation, both given as 2 × 2 matrices. Aperture-dependent chromatic properties are all dependent on longitudinal shifts in the plane of the limiting aperture. In addition, chromatic difference in position and inclination depend on both object and transverse aperture position. Chromatic difference in image size or angular spread depends on object position and is independent of transverse aperture position. These four aperture-dependent chromatic properties are given as 2 × 1 vectors. Chromatic magnifications are independent of object and transverse aperture position and are given as 2 × 2 matrices.
Aim: This article explores these definitions and defines chromatic properties for eyes that have astigmatic and decentred or tilted elements.
Setting: Linear optics.
Methods: The optical model is linear optics and makes use of the ray transference T.
Results: Results are presented as either 2 × 2 matrices or 2 × 1 vectors. The dependence of the chromatic properties on the position of an object and the limiting aperture is explored and results are presented as independent of, or dependent on, object and aperture position. Apertures undergo both longitudinal and transverse shifts in position. The results are general and apertures may include pupils or pinholes, either surgically inserted inside the eye or held in front of the eye. Numerical examples are provided for Le Grand’s four-surface eye and an arbitrary astigmatic heterocentric four-surface eye.
Conclusion: Aperture-independent chromatic properties include chromatic difference in power and refractive compensation, both given as 2 × 2 matrices. Aperture-dependent chromatic properties are all dependent on longitudinal shifts in the plane of the limiting aperture. In addition, chromatic difference in position and inclination depend on both object and transverse aperture position. Chromatic difference in image size or angular spread depends on object position and is independent of transverse aperture position. These four aperture-dependent chromatic properties are given as 2 × 1 vectors. Chromatic magnifications are independent of object and transverse aperture position and are given as 2 × 2 matrices.
Keywords
Transference; chromatic properties; pinhole; coefficient matrix
Metrics
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Crossref Citations
1. Linear optics of the eye and optical systems: a review of methods and applications
Tanya Evans, Alan Rubin
BMJ Open Ophthalmology vol: 7 issue: 1 first page: e000932 year: 2022
doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000932